Atomic Physics

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New submissions for Thu, 9 May 24

[1]  arXiv:2405.04761 [pdf, ps, other]

Title: High sensitivity measurement of ULF, VLF and LF fields with Rydberg-atom sensor

Authors: Mingwei Lei, Meng Shi

Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures

Subjects: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

Fields with frequencies below megahertz are challenging for Rydberg-atom-based measurements, due to the low-frequency electric field screening effect that is caused by the alkali-metal atoms adsorbed on the inner surface of the container. In this paper, we investigate on electric fields measurements in the ULF, VLF and LF bands in a Cs vapor cell with built-in parallel electrodes. With optimization of the applied DC field, we achieve high-sensitive detection of the electric field at frequencies of 1kHz, 10kHz and 100kHz based on Rydberg-atom sensor, with the minimum electric field strength down to 18.0{\mu}V/cm, 6.9{\mu}V/cm and 3.0{\mu}V/cm, respectively. The corresponding sensitivity is 5.7 {\mu}V/cm/{\sqrt{Hz}}, 2.2{\mu}V/cm/{\sqrt{Hz}} and 0.95{\mu}V/cm/{\sqrt{Hz}} for ULF, VLF and LF fields, which is better than 1-cm dipole antenna. Besides, the linear dynamic range of Rydberg-atom sensor is over 50 dB. This work presents the potential to enable more applications that utilize atomic sensing technology in ULF, VLF and LF fields.

[2]  arXiv:2405.05084 [pdf, other]

Title: Transition frequencies, isotope shifts, and hyperfine structure in $4s \rightarrow 4p$ transitions of Ti$^+$ ions

Authors: Tim Ratajczyk, Kristian König, Philipp Bollinger, Tim Lellinger, Victor Varentsov, Wilfried Nörtershäuser, Julien Spahn

Subjects: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)

We have measured transition frequencies, isotope shifts and hyperfine structure splittings in the $3 d^{2}\left({ }^{3\!}F\right) 4 s\,{ }^{4} F_J\rightarrow 3 d^{2}\left({ }^{3\!} F\right) 4 p \,^{4} G_{J+1}$ transitions in Ti$^+$ ions for $J=\frac{3}{2},\, \frac{5}{2},\, \frac{7}{2}$ using collinear laser spectroscopy. Ions were generated by laser ablation in a buffer gas atmosphere and extracted into vacuum through a nozzle and a pair of radiofrequency (RF) funnels. The obtained results are of interest as reference values for on-line measurements of short-lived titanium isotopes and for astrophysical searches for temporal or spatial variations of the fine structure constant $\alpha$ using quasar absorption spectra.

[3]  arXiv:2405.05150 [pdf, other]

Title: Principal Component Analysis for Spatial Phase Reconstruction in Atom Interferometry

Authors: Stefan Seckmeyer, Holger Ahlers, Jan-Niclas Kirsten-Siemß, Matthias Gersemann, Ernst M. Rasel, Sven Abend, Naceur Gaaloul

Comments: 14 pages, 10 figures

Subjects: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph); Optics (physics.optics); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

Atom interferometers are sensitive to a wide range of forces by encoding their signals in interference patterns of matter waves. To estimate the magnitude of these forces, the underlying phase shifts they imprint on the atoms must be extracted. Up until now, extraction algorithms typically rely on a fixed model of the patterns' spatial structure, which if inaccurate can lead to systematic errors caused by, for example, wavefront aberrations of the used lasers. In this paper we employ an algorithm based on Principal Component Analysis, which is capable of characterizing the spatial phase structure and per image phase offsets of an atom interferometer from a set of images. The algorithm does so without any prior knowledge about the specific spatial pattern as long as this pattern is the same for all images in the set. On simulated images with atom projection noise we show the algorithm's reconstruction performance follows distinct scaling laws, i.e., it is inversely-proportional to the square-root of the number atoms or the number of images respectively, which allows a projection of its performance for experiments. We also successfully extract the spatial phase patterns of two experimental data sets from an atom gravimeter. This algorithm is a first step towards a better understanding and complex spatial phase patterns, e.g., caused by inhomogeneous laser fields in atom interferometry.

Cross-lists for Thu, 9 May 24

[4]  arXiv:2405.04542 (cross-list from astro-ph.GA) [pdf, ps, other]

Title: Torsion-rotational transitions in methanol as a probe of fundamental physical constants -- electron and proton masses

Authors: J. S. Vorotyntseva, S. A. Levshakov

Comments: 3 pages, 1 table, JETP Letters, in press

Subjects: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA); Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO); Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)

We report on the using of torsion-rotational transitions in the CH3OH and (13)CH3OH molecules to evaluate possible variations of the physical constant mu=m_e/m_p - the electron-to-proton mass ratio - from spectral observations of emission lines detected in the microwave range towards the dense molecular cloud Orion-KL. An estimate of the upper limit on the relative changes in mu is obtained by two independent ways - with (13)CH3OH lines and with the combination of (13)CH3OH and CH3OH lines. The calculated upper limit Delta mu/mu < 1.1*10^{-8} (1 sigma) is in line with the most stringent constraints on the variability of fundamental physical constants established by other astrophysical methods.

[5]  arXiv:2405.04665 (cross-list from quant-ph) [pdf, ps, other]

Title: Quantum sensing with atomic, molecular, and optical platforms for fundamental physics

Authors: Jun Ye, Peter Zoller

Comments: 17 pages, 1 figure, Part of a series of Phys. Rev. Lett. Essays which concisely present author visions for the future of their field

Journal-ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 190001 (2024)

Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph); Optics (physics.optics)

Atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics has been at the forefront of the development of quantum science while laying the foundation for modern technology. With the growing capabilities of quantum control of many atoms for engineered many-body states and quantum entanglement, a key question emerges: what critical impact will the second quantum revolution with ubiquitous applications of entanglement bring to bear on fundamental physics?
In this Essay, we argue that a compelling long-term vision for fundamental physics and novel applications is to harness the rapid development of quantum information science to define and advance the frontiers of measurement physics, with strong potential for fundamental discoveries.
As quantum technologies, such as fault-tolerant quantum computing and entangled quantum sensor networks, become much more advanced than today's realization, we wonder what doors of basic science can these tools unlock? We anticipate that some of the most intriguing and challenging problems, such as quantum aspects of gravity, fundamental symmetries, or new physics beyond the minimal standard model, will be tackled at the emerging quantum measurement frontier.

Replacements for Thu, 9 May 24

[6]  arXiv:2401.10854 (replaced) [pdf, other]

Title: Photodissociation spectra of single trapped CaOH+ molecular ions

Authors: Zhenlin Wu, Stefan Walser, Verena Podlesnic, Mariano Isaza-Monsalve, Elyas Mattivi, Guanqun Mu, René Nardi, Piotr Gniewek, Michał Tomza, Brandon J. Furey, Philipp Schindler

Comments: 13 pages, 18 figures

Subjects: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph); Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

[7]  arXiv:2309.14426 (replaced) [pdf, other]

Title: Finite Pulse-Time Effects in Long-Baseline Quantum Clock Interferometry

Authors: Gregor Janson, Alexander Friedrich, Richard Lopp

Comments: 20 pages, 6 figures, V2: updated to match published version

Journal-ref: AVS Quantum Sci. 1 June 2024; 6 (2): 024403

Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)

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