Title: Electronic Friction Near Metal Surface: Incorporating Nuclear Quantum Effect with Ring Polymer Molecular Dynamics

Abstract: Molecular dynamics with electronic friction (MDEF) approach can describe nonadiabatic effects accurately at metal surfaces in the weak nonadiabatic limit. That being said, MDEF treats nuclear motion classically, such that the nuclear quantum effects are missing completely in the approach. To address this limitation, we combine electronic friction with Ring Polymer Molecular Dynamics (RPMD). In particular, we apply the averaged electronic friction from the metal surface to the centroid mode of the ring polymer. We benchmark our approach against quantum dynamics to show that electronic friction with RPMD (EF-RPMD) can capture zero-point energy as well as transition dynamics accurately. In addition, we show EF-RPMD can correctly predict the electronic transfer rate near metal surfaces in the tunneling limit as well as the barrier crossing limit. We expect our approach will be very useful to study nonadiabatic dynamics near metal surface when nuclear quantum effects become essential.