Title: Dynamic Pedestrian Traffic Assignment with Link Transmission Model for Bidirectional Sidewalk Networks

Abstract: Planning assessment of the urban walking infrastructure requires appropriate methodologies that can capture the time-dependent and unique microscopic characteristics of bidirectional pedestrian flow. In this paper, we develop a simulation-based dynamic pedestrian traffic assignment (DPTA) model specifically formulated for walking networks (e.g. sidewalks) with bidirectional links. The model consists of a dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) based route choice and a link transmission model (LTM) for network loading. The formulated DUE adopts a pedestrian volume delay function (pVDF) taking into account the properties of bidirectional pedestrian streams such as self-organization. The adopted LTM uses a three-dimensional triangular bidirectional fundamental diagram as well as a generalized first-order node model. The applicability and validity of the model is demonstrated in hypothetical small networks as well as a real-world large-scale network of sidewalks in Sydney. The model successfully replicates formation and propagation of shockwaves in walking corridors and networks due to bidirectional effects.