Title: The Cellular Potts Model on Disordered Lattices

Abstract: The Cellular Potts model, also known as Glazier-Graner-Hogeweg model, is a lattice-based approach, by which biological tissues at the level of individual cells can be numerically studied. Traditionally, a square or hexagonal underlying lattice structure is assumed for two-dimensional systems and this is known to introduce artifacts in the structure and dynamics of the model tissues. Here, we developed a new variant of this method that can be applied to a broad class of (ir)regular lattices. We show that on an irregular lattice, deriving from a fluid-like configuration, two types of artifacts can be removed. We further report on the transition between a fluid-like disordered and a solid-like hexagonally ordered phase present for monodisperse confluent cells as a function of their surface tension. This transition shows the hallmarks of a first-order phase transition, and is different from the glass/jamming transitions commonly reported for the vertex and Voronoi models. We emphasize this by analyzing the distribution of shape parameters found in our state space. Our analysis provides a useful reference for the future study of epithelia using the (ir)regular Cellular Potts model.