Title: Modular Forms in Combinatorial Optimization

Abstract: Combinatorial optimization problems, such as the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP), find applications across various domains including logistics, genome sequencing, and robotics. Despite their extensive applications, there have not been significant advancements in deriving optimal solutions for these problems. The lack of theoretical understanding owing to the complex structure of these problems has hindered the development of sophisticated algorithms. This paper proposes an unconventional approach by translating the ATSP into the complex domain, revealing an intrinsic modular nature of the problem. Furthermore, we have exploited modularity conditions to gain deeper insights into both unconstrained and constrained optimal solutions. The theoretical framework laid out in this paper can lead to important results at the intersection of combinatorial optimization and number theory.