Title: Measurized Discounted Markov Decision Processes

Abstract: In this paper, we build a framework that facilitates the analysis of discounted infinite horizon Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) by visualizing them as deterministic processes where the states are probability measures on the original state space and the actions are stochastic kernels on the original action space. We provide a simple general algebraic approach to lifting any MDP to this space of measures; we call this to measurize the original stochastic MDP. We show that measurized MDPs are in fact a generalization of stochastic MDPs, thus the measurized framework can be deployed without loss of fidelity. Lifting an MDP can be convenient because the measurized framework enables constraints and value function approximations that are not easily available from the standard MDP setting. For instance, one can add restrictions or build approximations based on moments, quantiles, risk measures, etc. Moreover, since the measurized counterpart to any MDP is deterministic, the measurized optimality equations trade the complexity of dealing with the expected value function that appears in the stochastic optimality equations with a more complex state space.