Title: Relating bubble sort to birthday problem

Abstract: Birthday problem is a well-known classic problem in probability theory widely applied in cryptography. Although bubble sort is a popular algorithm leading to some interesting theoretical problems in computer science, its relation to birthday problem has not been found yet. This paper indicates how Rayleigh distribution naturally arises in bubble sort by relating it to birthday problem, which presents a novel direction for analysing bubble sort and birthday problem. Then asymptotic distributions and statistical characteristics of bubble sort and birthday problem with very small absolute errors are presented. Moreover, this paper proves that some common optimizations of bubble sort could lead to average performance degradation.